The new challenges of the manufacturing industry applying the norm ISO 45001:2018

The present work reflects the impact that the manufacturing industries must solve in the application of the ISO 45001: 2018 Standard on Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems. In such, a globalized market where human and material assets must be preserved for the survival of organizations, management systems based on continuous improvement play an important role in ensuring compliance with applicable legal requirements, risk management and the opportunities, as well as the achievement of the best working conditions. The manufacturing industry has not been alien to this evolution; the nature of the risks present in the different industries, the operations carried out, the machinery, the use of work teams and their processes make this sector a priority and strategic sector that should be at the forefront of new technologies and rules. The implementation of the ISO 45001: 2018 standard in the manufacturing industry is a challenge for the implementation of high-level management systems that guarantee a healthy and safe environment for workers and a strategic and operational decision from the business point of view based on improving the performance of health and safety at work and increasing competitiveness in an increasingly demanding market.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Modelización para el estudio, análisis y prevención de riesgos intrínsecos en sectores singulares

El objetivo fundamental de la tesis ha sido el desarrollo de un sistema distribuido de Gestión de la Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de aplicación general a sectores empresariales de actividad singular y su validación empírica en el sector de actividades subacuática. La tesis propone, las herramientas necesarias para la modelización de los sistemas tendentes a la implantación específica de las herramientas de gestión preventiva aplicables en los sectores singulares. Conscientes de la existencia de modelos específicos centrados en el estricto cumplimiento de la legislación vigente, éstos pueden adolecer de la suficiente eficacia que proporcionen los resultados adecuados de acorde con la problemática que realmente se plantean en materia preventiva en los sectores singulares. Al mismo tiempo, la tesis pretende desarrollar una metodología científica que permita la identificación y correcta clasificación empresarial de los sectores singulares con el fin de dar un tratamiento preventivo eficaz de los riesgos intrínsecos a las actividades que en ellos se desarrollan, teniendo en cuenta la legislación específica que les afecta en materia preventiva y de seguridad industrial, y en base a una correcta identificación de los peligros y evaluación de los riesgos que permita con posterioridad ejercer las acciones preventivas pertinentes tendentes a la gestión eficaz de dichos riesgos, con el fin de eliminarlos y/o reducirlos a niveles aceptables. Se pretende el diseño de una herramienta de gestión empresarial y de referencia para los especialistas de prevención que a veces se enfrentan ante situaciones en donde prima su propio criterio preventivo sin más referencias ni estudios científicos que avalen la toma de decisiones.El objetivo fundamental de la tesis ha sido el desarrollo de un sistema distribuido de Gestión de la Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de aplicación general a sectores empresariales de actividad singular y su validación empírica en el sector de actividades subacuáticas. Como objetivo principal, la tesis propone, las herramientas necesarias para la modelización de los sistemas tendentes a la implantación específica de las herramientas de gestión preventiva aplicables en los sectores singulares. Conscientes de la existencia de modelos específicos centrados en el estricto cumplimiento de la legislación vigente, éstos pueden adolecer de la suficiente eficacia que proporcionen los resultados adecuados de acorde con la problemática que realmente se plantean en materia preventiva en los sectores singulares. Al mismo tiempo, la tesis pretende desarrollar una metodología científica que permita la identificación y correcta clasificación empresarial de los sectores singulares con el fin de dar un tratamiento preventivo eficaz de los riesgos intrínsecos a las actividades que en ellos se desarrollan, teniendo en cuenta la legislación específica que les afecta en materia preventiva y de seguridad industrial, y en base a una correcta identificación de los peligros y evaluación de los riesgos que permita con posterioridad ejercer las acciones preventivas pertinentes tendentes a la gestión eficaz de dichos riesgos, con el fin de eliminarlos y/o reducirlos a niveles aceptables. Se pretende el diseño de una herramienta de gestión empresarial y de referencia para los especialistas de prevención que a veces se enfrentan ante situaciones en donde prima su propio criterio preventivo sin más referencias ni estudios científicos que avalen la toma de decisiones. Finalmente, hay que señalar que el modelo propuesto en la tesis se ha refrendado en el sector de las actividades subacuáticas, ya que por las características singulares de dicho sector, la influencia del medio en el que se trabaja y la falta de información estadística de incidentes con daño que afectan a la seguridad y la salud de sus profesionales, su regulación preventiva, la reciente publicación de su convenio colectivo, supone un importante reto hacia la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo de los profesionales del sector

Modelling for implantation of the systems preventive management in the singular sectors

7º/th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management. XVII Congreso de Ingeniería de Organización. Valladolid, July 10-12, 2013El objetivo fundamental de este estudio ha sido el desarrollo de un sistema distri-buido de Gestión de la Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de aplicación general a sectores empresariales de actividad singular. El estudio propone, las herramientas necesarias para la modelización de los sistemas tendentes a la implantación espe-cífica de las herramientas de gestión preventiva aplicables en los sectores singula-res. Conscientes de la existencia de modelos específicos centrados en el estricto cumplimiento de la legislación vigente, éstos pueden adolecer de la suficiente efi-cacia que proporcionen los resultados adecuados de acorde con la problemática que realmente se plantean en materia preventiva en los sectores singulares. Al mismo tiempo, se pretende desarrollar una metodología científica que permita la identificación y correcta clasificación empresarial de los sectores singulares con el fin de dar un tratamiento preventivo eficaz de los riesgos intrínsecos a las activi-dades que en ellos se desarrollan, teniendo en cuenta la legislación específica que les afecta en materia preventiva y de seguridad industrial, y en base a una correcta identificación de los peligros y evaluación de los riesgos que permita con posterioridad ejercer las acciones preventivas pertinentes tendentes a la gestión eficaz de dichos riesgos, con el fin de eliminarlos y/o reducirlos a niveles aceptables”.Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, de Materiales y Fabricación / Cátedra de Gestión del Transporte

A comparative study of image processing thresholding algorithms on residual oxide scale detection in stainless steel production lines

The present work is intended for residual oxide scale detection and classification through the application of image processing techniques. This is a defect that can remain in the surface of stainless steel coils after an incomplete pickling process in a production line. From a previous detailed study over reflectance of residual oxide defect, we present a comparative study of algorithms for image segmentation based on thresholding methods. In particular, two computational models based on multi-linear regression and neural networks will be proposed. A system based on conventional area camera with a special lighting was installed and fully integrated in an annealing and pickling line for model testing purposes. Finally, model approaches will be compared and evaluated their performance..Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions